Very basically suggests that narrative is equilibrium, disequilibrium, new equilibrium. A more advanced method to this is the five stage structure:
- Equilibrium
- Disruption (by an event - an agent of change)
- Recognition that disruption has occurred
- An attempt to repair the damage
- Restoration and new equilibrium
VLADIMIR PROPP
Stock characters and actions to specific genre's. 20th century idea of structuralism.
Stock Characters:
- The Hero
- Helper
- Villain
- False Hero
- donor
- Dispatcher
- Princess
- Princess's Father
Presents the idea of binary oppositions. Looks at the different between two types of narratives.
- love/hate
- young/old
- good/evil
- masculine/feminine
- control/panic
- quiet/loud
- many more are available to explore and to present through the media.
ROLAND BARTHES
He explained narrative as a series of codes that can be read by the audience.
- Action code - proairetic - device by which any action implies further action. A cowboy draws his gun and we wonder what the resolution will be. Suspense created by the action itself.
- Enigma code - hermeneutic - device that teases the audience by presenting a puzzle or riddle to be solved. By snares (deliberate evasion of truth), equivocations (partial answer or lammings / openly acknowledgement that there is no answer)
- Semic (Semantic) code - connotation within the story that gives additional meaning over denotative meaning.
- Symbolic code - similar, hard to distinguish but organised.
- Cultural code - referential - device which the audience can recognise as referring to a science or a body of knowledges or proverbs.
Barthes looked into this idea of codes but basically the texts may be 'open' (ie. unravelled in a lot of different ways) or 'closed' (there is only one obvious thread to pull on).
No comments:
Post a Comment